SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD)

The receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a critical region of the spike (S) protein found on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The RBD is directly responsible for binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which facilitates viral entry into host cells. This interaction is essential for infection and makes the RBD a primary target for vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostic tools. Mutations in this domain can alter binding affinity to ACE2 or affect antibody recognition. The RBD is highly immunogenic; most neutralizing antibodies generated by infection or vaccination target this region. It serves as a key antigen in serological assays used to detect past infection or vaccine-induced immunity.

Other names

SARS-CoV-2 RBDSpike RBDS1 RBD

Binding to ACE2 receptor blocks viral entry. Neutralizing antibodies bind to RBD, preventing ACE2 interaction.