SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and influenza hemagglutinin (SARS-CoV-2 S / Flu HA)

The target Immune system recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and influenza hemagglutinin antigens refers to the dual antigenic focus of bivalent or combination vaccines designed to protect against COVID-19 and seasonal influenza simultaneously. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein is a class I fusion protein that mediates viral entry into host cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor (Source: NIH, 2020). Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a similar surface glycoprotein responsible for binding to sialic acid receptors on host cells and facilitating membrane fusion (Source: CDC, 2023). By presenting both antigens to the immune system, these vaccines aim to elicit a robust production of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses against both pathogens. This strategy is currently being explored by major pharmaceutical companies to streamline immunization schedules and improve public health outcomes during overlapping respiratory virus seasons (Source: Moderna, 2024). Clinical trials for these combination candidates monitor safety and immunogenicity, focusing on antibody titers against both the S protein and various HA subtypes (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, 2024). This dual-targeting approach represents a significant advancement in vaccine technology, leveraging mRNA and protein-based platforms to address multiple viral threats in a single administration (Source: Nature Communications, 2022).

Other names

SARS-CoV-2 S proteinInfluenza HACOVID-19 and Influenza combination vaccine antigensBivalent respiratory virus antigens

Induction of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and influenza hemagglutinin to prevent viral attachment and entry into host cells (Source: Nature, 2021).