Sebaceous stem cell (SGSC)

Sebaceous stem cells (SGSCs) are a specialized population of adult stem cells located within the hair follicle bulge and the sebaceous gland duct, primarily responsible for the maintenance and regeneration of the sebaceous gland (Horsley et al., 2006). These cells express specific markers such as LRIG1 and BLIMP1, which regulate their transition from a quiescent state to actively differentiating sebocytes (Page et al., 2013). The primary biological role of SGSCs is to ensure a steady supply of lipids (sebum) to the skin surface, which is vital for maintaining the epidermal barrier and antimicrobial defense (Zouboulis et al., 2016). In clinical contexts, the overactivity or hyperproliferation of these stem cells is a central driver in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and sebaceous hyperplasia (Niemann & Horsley, 2012). Conversely, their depletion or dysfunction is associated with skin dryness and certain types of cicatricial alopecia. Pharmacological agents like isotretinoin target these cells by promoting apoptosis and reducing the progenitor pool, while topical anti-androgens like clascoterone inhibit the androgen-driven proliferation of these cells (Nelson et al., 2011; Hebert et al., 2020).

Other names

Sebaceous gland stem cellLRIG1-positive stem cellBLIMP1-positive progenitorSebaceous progenitor cell

Drugs typically modulate the differentiation or activity of these cells via hormonal pathways (androgen receptor antagonism) or retinoid signaling (RAR/RXR activation).