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Selenoprotein Synthesis Cofactor (N/A)
- Target
- N/A
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, tRNA, RNA-binding protein, Protein factor, Other
01
Overview
The term "selenoprotein synthesis cofactor" refers to the essential molecules and protein factors required for the biosynthesis of selenoproteins—proteins that incorporate the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), known as the 21st amino acid, into their structure. These cofactors are indispensable for decoding specific UGA codons as instructions for inserting selenocysteine rather than terminating translation. This allows cells to produce a diverse family of at least 25 human selenoproteins involved primarily in antioxidant defense, redox regulation, thyroid hormone metabolism, and other critical cellular processes.
- Other names
- Selenocysteine biosynthesis cofactorSECIS element binding protein 2SBP2EFsecSeryl-tRNA synthetasePhosphoseryl-tRNA kinaseSelenophosphate synthetaseSecSSec synthasetRNA^[Ser]SecSECp43
02
Mechanism of action
N/A
03
Biological functions
Selenocysteine biosynthesisUGA codon recodingSelenoprotein synthesisSelenium metabolismTranslation
04
Disease associations
Selenium deficiency related disordersCancer (indirectly through selenoprotein function)Thyroid disorders (indirectly through selenoprotein function)Neurodegenerative diseases (indirectly through selenoprotein function)
05
Safety considerations
Selenium toxicity (selenosis)Selenium deficiency
06
Biomarkers
Selenium levelsSelenoprotein expression levels
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