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Senescent Cell

Molecular classification: Cellular state

Overview

A senescent cell is a cell that has permanently exited the cell cycle and lost its ability to divide, but remains metabolically active and viable. These cells are characterized by an irreversible growth arrest, altered morphology, and a unique secretory phenotype (SASP) that can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on surrounding tissues. Senescent cells are implicated in both tumor suppression and age-related diseases.

Other names: Growth-arrested cellAged cell

Mechanism of action

Senolytics selectively eliminate senescent cells; other therapies induce senescence via DNA damage or other stressors.

Biological functions

Tumor suppressionWound healingInflammationTissue repairCell cycle arrestSASP secretion

Disease associations

CancerAge-related diseasesChronic inflammationTissue degenerationAtherosclerosisType II diabetes

Safety considerations

Off-target effects of senolyticsPotential disruption of beneficial roles of senescent cells (e.g., wound healing)SASP-related side effects (e.g., systemic inflammation)

Interacting drugs

Senolytics

2 more in the full profile.

Biomarkers

SA-β-GAL activityp16^INK4a^ expressionp21/p53 upregulationAbsence of Ki-67γ-H2AX fociSASP factors (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β)

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