Sertoli cell (SC)

Sertoli cells are specialized somatic cells located within the seminiferous tubules of the testes, often referred to as 'nurse cells' due to their essential role in supporting spermatogenesis (StatPearls, 2023). They provide structural support, nutrition, and regulatory signals to developing germ cells throughout their maturation process (NIH, 2022). A critical function of these cells is the formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) through tight junctions, which creates an immunologically privileged site for sperm development and protects them from systemic immune responses (PubMed, 2021). Sertoli cells are the primary site of action for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone, which are necessary to initiate and maintain sperm production (Endocrine Reviews, 2018). Clinically, Sertoli cell dysfunction or absence is a primary cause of male infertility, as seen in Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) (Wikipedia, 2024). They also secrete important hormones and proteins such as Inhibin B and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), which serve as clinical biomarkers for testicular function and spermatogenic potential (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2019). While the cell itself is not a single molecular target, specific receptors and junctional proteins within Sertoli cells are actively investigated for non-hormonal male contraceptives that aim to disrupt cell-cell junctions (Nature Reviews Urology, 2021). Therapeutic strategies targeting Sertoli cell signaling or integrity are being explored to treat various reproductive disorders and improve fertility outcomes.

Other names

Nurse cellSustentacular cellMother cellSustentacular cell of the testis

Modulation of Sertoli cell-germ cell junctions, regulation of the seminiferous tubule microenvironment, and hormonal signaling through FSH and androgen receptors.