Serum calcium homeostasis

Serum calcium homeostasis refers to the tightly regulated physiological process that maintains blood calcium concentrations within narrow limits (~8.5–10.5 mg/dL). This balance is achieved through coordinated actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D/calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D), and calcitonin. These hormones act on bones (to release or store Ca²⁺), kidneys (to reabsorb or excrete Ca²⁺/phosphate), and intestines (to absorb dietary Ca²⁺) in response to changes in serum ionized calcium detected by specialized receptors—primarily in parathyroid glands and renal tubules. Disruption of this system leads to clinical conditions such as hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia with significant neuromuscular and skeletal consequences[1][2][3][4].

Other names

Calcium regulationCalcium balanceBlood calcium regulation

Not applicable directly; mechanisms relate to modulation of PTH secretion/action, vitamin D activation/signaling, calcitonin effects on bone/kidney/intestine[1][2].