Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

Shiga toxin-producing *Escherichia coli* (STEC) refers to a group of pathogenic *E. coli* bacteria that produce Shiga toxins (Stx1 and/or Stx2), major virulence factors responsible for disease phenotypes such as bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)[2][1][3]. STEC are primarily zoonotic, with ruminant animals (especially cattle) as reservoirs. Infection in humans occurs typically via contaminated food or water. Disease severity often correlates with the type and subtype of Shiga toxin produced, with Stx2 and its variants being more commonly associated with severe complications, including HUS and acute renal injury[1][2][5]. The clinically important STEC serotypes include O157:H7 and multiple non-O157 serogroups[5]. Diagnosis rests on the detection of toxin genes or the toxin itself. There are currently no direct therapeutics targeting the bacteria or the toxin, and antibiotic use is generally contraindicated due to increased risk of toxin release and complications[2].

Other names

STECverocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC)enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC; overlaps but not identical to STEC subset)Shiga toxin-positive Escherichia coli