Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS)

Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) are a class of non-digestible carbohydrates composed of linear fructose chains, typically with a degree of polymerization between 2 and 5, often ending in a glucose unit. They are primarily recognized as prebiotics that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. Upon reaching the colon, scFOS undergo fermentation by the resident microbiota, leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These SCFAs play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal health by lowering colonic pH, providing energy to colonocytes, and enhancing the intestinal barrier. Additionally, scFOS have been shown to improve mineral absorption, particularly magnesium and calcium, and modulate the immune system through interactions with gut-associated lymphoid tissue. While not a traditional therapeutic target, scFOS are utilized in clinical settings and functional foods to manage metabolic conditions like obesity and prediabetes, as well as to alleviate constipation. They are generally regarded as safe, although high doses can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as flatulence and bloating.

Other names

sc-FOSOligofructoseInulin-type fructans1-KestoseNystoseFructosylnystose1F-fructofuranosylnystose

Selective fermentation by colonic bacteria into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which lowers intestinal pH, inhibits pathogen growth, and supports colonocyte health.