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Sialyltransferase enzyme
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Glycosyltransferase, Type II membrane protein (for eukaryotic forms)
01
Overview
Sialyltransferase enzymes are a family of glycosyltransferases (primarily in glycosyltransferase family 29, GT29) that catalyze the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid (usually CMP-Neu5Ac) to terminal positions of oligosaccharide chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. This process (sialylation) modifies the physicochemical and biological properties of glycoconjugates, influencing cell–cell recognition, adhesion, signal transduction, immune interactions, pathogen binding, and development. There are multiple sialyltransferase subfamilies, with specificity for particular linkages (e.g., α2,3-, α2,6-, or α2,8-), acceptor substrates (galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, sialic acid), and tissue expression patterns. Alterations in sialyltransferase expression or activity are associated with cancer progression, immune regulation disorders, neurodevelopment, and pathogen–host interactions.
- Other names
- SialyltransferaseSialyl transferaseSTglycosyltransferase family 29GT29
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of sialic acid transfer during glycosylation reduces cell surface sialylation, affecting cell-cell adhesion, immune evasion, and signal transduction
03
Biological functions
GlycosylationSialylation of glycoconjugatesRegulation of cell communicationCell adhesionModulation of immune responseRegulation of neural transmission
04
Disease associations
Cancer (dysregulated sialylation in tumor progression)Immune disorders (modulation of leukocyte trafficking)Neurodegenerative disease (polysialylation in neural cell adhesion)Infection (pathogen-host interactions with sialylated glycans)
05
Safety considerations
Widespread roles in normal physiology (nervous and immune systems), so systemic inhibition could cause off-target effects (e.g., immune suppression, neurological dysfunction)
06
Interacting drugs
No widely approved drugs specifically target sialyltransferases clinically, but research compounds and tool inhibitors exist (e.g., 3Fax-Neu5Ac as an inhibitor in laboratory studies)
07
Biomarkers
Sialylated glycans (e.g., sialyl-Lewis X, polysialic acid)Expression levels of specific sialyltransferases in tumors
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