Single-stranded DNA aptamer (ssDNA aptamer)

A single-stranded DNA aptamer is a short, synthetic single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide that forms three-dimensional structures capable of binding to a wide variety of molecular targets—including proteins, peptides, small molecules, and even cells—with high affinity and specificity. Aptamers are discovered and optimized by in vitro selection processes such as SELEX, and they function analogously to antibodies but are composed of nucleic acids rather than proteins. They are used as molecular recognition elements in diagnostics, therapeutics, targeted drug delivery, and biosensors. Single-stranded DNA aptamers are generally more stable than RNA aptamers in biological environments but may require chemical modifications for enhanced plasma stability and resistance to nucleases. While aptamers can be used as therapeutic agents, the term "single-stranded DNA aptamer" does not denote a unique therapeutic target.

Other names

DNA aptamerssDNA aptameraptamer

Aptamers act by binding to specific molecular targets; their mechanism depends on the chosen target, e.g. blocking a receptor, inhibiting a protein, or delivering a drug