Skin Lipid Synthesis Pathways

Skin lipid synthesis pathways refer to the complex metabolic and enzymatic processes responsible for generating, modifying, and organizing lipids essential for the structure and function of the skin barrier. These pathways are crucial for forming the stratum corneum (SC) lipid matrix, which maintains skin hydration, protects against pathogens, and regulates permeability. Key lipids synthesized include ceramides, free fatty acids (FFAs), and cholesterol. Major pathways include de novo synthesis, sphingomyelinase pathway, and salvage pathway. Proper functioning of these pathways ensures the formation of highly hydrophobic long-chain FAs, assembly of lamellar structures, and covalent binding between oxidized linoleic acid-containing ceramides and cornified envelope proteins. Disruption leads to increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dry skin conditions, or inherited disorders affecting permeability barrier integrity.