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Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Target
- NaCl
- Molecular classification
- Other (Inorganic small molecule; Ionic compound)
01
Overview
Sodium chloride is an inorganic ionic compound composed of sodium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio, with the formula NaCl. It appears as a white crystalline solid and is highly soluble in water, forming a neutral solution. Sodium chloride is widely distributed in nature as halite and as a major constituent of seawater, is essential for life, and is the most common dietary source of sodium and chloride. It is critical for maintaining osmotic balance and fluid volume in organisms and is used extensively in food preservation, industrial chemical production, and medicine (such as intravenous saline solutions).
- Other names
- SaltTable saltCommon saltHaliteRock salt
02
Biological functions
Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balanceNerve impulse transmissionMuscle contraction
03
Disease associations
Other (Electrolyte imbalance disorders such as hyponatremia and hypernatremia, dehydration)
04
Safety considerations
Hypernatremia (excess sodium)Hyponatremia (deficiency)Fluid overload especially in patients with renal, cardiac, or hepatic impairment
05
Biomarkers
Serum sodiumserum chloride
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