Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2)

Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein encoded by the SLC5A2 gene. It is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney, specifically located in the early proximal tubule (S1 and S2 segments). It is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 80-90% (or up to 97%) of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus. SGLT2 is a symporter belonging to the SLC5 family, utilizing the energy from the sodium gradient created by the Na+/K+ ATPase to transport glucose into the cell, even against its concentration gradient. The protein consists of approximately 670 amino acids organized in 14 transmembrane helices. While predominantly expressed in the renal cortex, it has also been found in other tissues including mammary glands, testis, liver, lungs, intestines, skeletal muscles, spleen, and cerebellum.

Other names

SLC5A2

SGLT2 inhibitors prevent the kidneys' reuptake of glucose from the glomerular filtrate by inhibiting the SGLT2 transporter in the proximal tubule. This leads to increased urinary glucose excretion and consequently lowers blood glucose levels. This mechanism is insulin-independent.