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Sodium fluoride (NaF)
- Target
- NaF
- Molecular classification
- Other, inorganic salt, metal fluoride salt
01
Overview
Sodium fluoride is an inorganic salt (NaF), appearing as a white crystalline solid or powder, highly soluble in water, and used extensively for its dental benefits, particularly in caries prevention. It acts by strengthening tooth enamel and by making it more resistant to acid produced by oral bacteria. It is added to community water supplies (water fluoridation), incorporated into dental products, and has industrial uses as a flux and preservative. Sodium fluoride is not a biological target but an active pharmaceutical and public health additive. When used as directed, it is safe; overdose can be hazardous, particularly to children[5][4][2][7][6].
- Other names
- sodium monofluorideFlorocidPediaflorvilliaumite (mineral form)NaF
02
Mechanism of action
Delivers fluoride ion, which incorporates into hydroxyapatite in tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid-mediated demineralization and caries Inhibits certain bacterial enzymes at higher concentrations
03
Biological functions
Provides fluoride ion for dental enamel remineralizationPrevents dental caries by increasing enamel resistance to acidBacteriostatic at higher concentrations
04
Disease associations
Dental caries (prevention)Potentially osteoporosis (uncertain/controversial clinical utility)Used in treatments for otospongiosis (controversial)
05
Safety considerations
Fluorosis: Overexposure in children can cause dental fluorosis (white spots, mottled enamel)Toxicity: Acute ingestion of large amounts can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, systemic toxicity, or deathCumulative exposure risk in areas of high natural fluoride
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