Specialized pro-resolving mediator biosynthesis pathway (SPM biosynthesis pathway)

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a superfamily of endogenous lipid mediators that actively promote the resolution of inflammation rather than simply suppressing inflammatory processes. They are biosynthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids through the action of lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. The major families include lipoxins (derived from arachidonic acid), resolvins, protectins, and maresins (derived from omega-3 fatty acids). SPMs function by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors and nuclear receptors to limit neutrophil infiltration, enhance phagocytosis and efferocytosis, promote microbial clearance, alleviate pain, and facilitate tissue regeneration. Their dysregulation is implicated in numerous chronic inflammatory conditions, making the SPM biosynthesis pathway an attractive therapeutic target for developing novel anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving treatments.

Other names

SPM pathwaySpecialized pro-resolving mediator pathway

Modulation of enzymatic activity (e.g., lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, cytochrome P450s) involved in the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators.