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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Sperm-associated antigen 11A (SPAG11A)
- Target
- SPAG11A
- Molecular classification
- Beta-defensin family, Secretory protein, Epididymal-specific secretory protein, Antimicrobial peptide
01
Overview
Sperm-associated antigen 11A (SPAG11A) is an epididymis-specific secretory protein belonging to the beta-defensin family, expressed primarily in principal cells of the caput epididymis. It is regulated by androgens and plays an essential role in mammalian sperm maturation and fertility, by creating an appropriate luminal environment and facilitating sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. SPAG11A displays antimicrobial activity, contributing to defense within the male reproductive tract. Knockout models demonstrate subfertility due to reduced sperm count and impaired acrosome reactions, supporting its critical role in sperm function. Abnormal levels or altered gene expression of SPAG11A are associated with male infertility in conditions such as varicocele. No drugs are known to target SPAG11A directly, and there are no specific safety concerns related to its modulation. The gene is well-validated, with multiple aliases referenced in the literature.
- Other names
- BIN1BEP2He2HE2EDDM2ABin-1bHuman epididymis-specific protein 2Protein EP2Sperm antigen HE2Epididymal protein 2AAntimicrobial-like protein Bin-1bSperm-associated antigen 11A
02
Biological functions
Sperm maturationDefense response to bacteria (antimicrobial activity)Creating optimal luminal environment in the epididymis for sperm functionRegulation by androgens
03
Disease associations
Infertility (abnormal SPAG11A expression associated with reduced sperm quality and subfertility)Other (potentially involved in epididymal pathologies and male reproductive tract immunity)
04
Biomarkers
Sperm maturation/fertility marker (expression level correlates with sperm quality in infertility, e.g., varicocele studies)
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