Spike Glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron Variant) (S protein)

The spike glycoprotein (S) is a large, trimeric, class I fusion protein found on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, including its Omicron variant. It mediates viral entry into host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and facilitating membrane fusion. The S protein is also the primary target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. The Omicron variant contains over 30 mutations within Spike, nearly half reside within RBD, which are critical for ACE2 interaction and immune evasion.

Other names

SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteinOmicron Spike proteinSpike glycoproteinS protein (Omicron)

The spike glycoprotein's central role in cell entry makes it an ideal target for vaccines (e.g., mRNA vaccines encode stabilized forms), monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors targeting either ACE2 interaction or post-fusion steps, as well as diagnostic assays detecting anti-spike responses.