Src Homology Region 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2 (SHP2)

SHP2 (encoded by *PTPN11*) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase with two regulatory SH₂ domains that control access to its catalytic site. It serves as an essential signal transducer downstream of many growth factor receptors by positively regulating pathways such as RAS/MAPK. Pathogenic mutations can lead either to gain-of-function or loss-of-function phenotypes associated with developmental syndromes or cancer. Its pivotal role makes it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention using both orthosteric and allosteric small-molecule inhibitors targeting various conformational states of the enzyme.

Other names

PTPN11

Inhibition of SHP2 phosphatase activity, either by blocking the active site or stabilizing the inactive conformation.