Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP)

Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) are a distinct population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in the apical papilla of developing permanent teeth (Sonoyama et al., 2006, Journal of Dental Research). These cells are the primary precursors for odontoblasts, which are responsible for the formation of root dentin and the completion of tooth root development, a process known as apexogenesis (Huang et al., 2008, Journal of Endodontics). SCAPs are characterized by their high proliferative capacity, low immunogenicity, and the expression of specific markers such as CD24, CD146, and STRO-1, which distinguish them from other dental stem cell populations (Bakopoulou et al., 2011, BMC Cell Biology). In regenerative medicine, SCAPs are primarily investigated for dental pulp regeneration and bio-root engineering, particularly in the treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulp (Lovelace et al., 2011, Journal of Endodontics). While not a traditional molecular target for small molecule drugs, SCAPs are considered therapeutic agents or cellular tools that can be modulated by growth factors and scaffolds to promote tissue repair (Wang et al., 2012, Tissue Engineering).

Other names

SCAPsApical papilla stem cellsDental mesenchymal stem cells from the apical papilla

Not applicable as a molecular target; functions as a cellular therapeutic agent for tissue regeneration via differentiation and paracrine signaling.