Streptococcus mutans cell membrane and surface structures

Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium recognized as the primary causative agent of dental caries worldwide [Lemos et al., 2019]. Its cell membrane and surface structures, including the peptidoglycan cell wall and lipoteichoic acids, provide structural integrity and protection against environmental insults [Krzyściak et al., 2014]. Surface-associated proteins, such as Antigen I/II (SpaP) and glucan-binding proteins (Gbps), are critical for the initial attachment of the bacteria to the dental pellicle and subsequent biofilm formation [Bowen et al., 2018]. The cell membrane also houses essential transport systems and enzymes, such as F-type ATPases, which are vital for maintaining internal pH homeostasis in acidic conditions [He et al., 2011]. These structures are targeted by various antimicrobial agents; for instance, chlorhexidine acts by increasing membrane permeability, leading to the leakage of intracellular components [StatPearls, 2023]. Antibiotics like penicillin target the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, effectively compromising the cell's structural stability [PubMed]. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches aim to use synthetic peptides or antibodies to block specific surface adhesins, thereby preventing the colonization of the oral cavity [Journal of Oral Microbiology].

Other names

Streptococcus mutans cell envelopeStreptococcus mutans surface antigensStreptococcus mutans cell wall

Disruption of cell membrane integrity, inhibition of cell wall synthesis, and interference with bacterial adhesion to the tooth surface.