Streptococcus mutans surface components

Streptococcus mutans surface components encompass a variety of proteins and enzymes anchored to the bacterial cell wall that are critical for the pathogenesis of dental caries (Lemos et al., 2019). Key components include the Antigen I/II (Ag I/II) family of adhesins, which mediate initial attachment to the acquired salivary pellicle, and glucosyltransferases (GTFs), which synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (glucans) from dietary sucrose (Krzyściak et al., 2014). These glucans provide the matrix for biofilm formation and facilitate the stable colonization of the tooth surface (Bowen & Koo, 2011). Additionally, glucan-binding proteins (GBPs) and the transpeptidase sortase A (SrtA) play vital roles in maintaining biofilm architecture and anchoring surface proteins, respectively (Zhang et al., 2021). Targeting these components aims to prevent the transition of S. mutans from a planktonic state to a virulent, acid-producing biofilm. Therapeutic strategies include the use of small-molecule inhibitors of GTFs, monoclonal antibodies against adhesins, and vaccines designed to elicit mucosal immunity. However, challenges remain regarding the potential for cross-reactivity with human tissues and the need to preserve the beneficial oral microflora.

Other names

Streptococcus mutans cell surface proteinsStreptococcus mutans adhesinsStreptococcus mutans cell wall-associated proteinsStreptococcus mutans surface antigens

Inhibition of bacterial adhesion to the salivary pellicle, disruption of extracellular polysaccharide (glucan) synthesis, and interference with biofilm maturation and stability (Bowen & Koo, 2011; Krzyściak et al., 2014).