Stress-induced antigen

Stress-induced antigens are proteins or molecular structures expressed or upregulated on tumor cells in response to various forms of cellular stress (such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage, or immunogenic cell death)[1][5][6]. These antigens can be presented on the cell surface or packaged into extracellular vesicles, and they can help to stimulate immune responses by serving as targets for cytotoxic T cells or other immune cells[1][5]. Their expression is associated with increased immunogenicity of cancer cells, and they are emerging as important factors in tumor immune surveillance, immunotherapy response, and potential resistance to therapy[1][5]. However, these antigens are often also present in normal tissues, posing challenges for therapeutic specificity and potential immune-related adverse effects[7]. "Stress-induced antigen" is a descriptive, non-canonical category; more precise identification often requires specifying the particular protein or antigen (e.g., heat shock proteins, calreticulin, or ER stress-related antigens) rather than this broad grouping[6]. Key points supporting "is_incorrect: true": This is a functional category or phenotype, not a single molecule or gene product. Many different proteins (e.g., heat shock proteins, calreticulin, HMGB1) can be classified as stress-induced antigens, so the term is non-specific[6][7]. For structured data, individual antigen names would need to be identified for specific molecular targeting. Lacking standard abbreviation and canonical nomenclature.

Other names

Stress-cell antigenStress-induced proteinImmunogenic cell stress antigenCellular stress antigen

Targeting through immunotherapeutics (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunogenic cell death inducers)