Stromal cell–derived factor 1-alpha (SDF-1α)

Stromal cell–derived factor 1-alpha (SDF-1α; CXCL12α) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed in human tissues. It directs the migration of lymphocytes and stem cells and is essential for embryonic development, immune system organization, vascular formation, and neuronal growth. In adulthood, it regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair, particularly via its interaction with its main receptor CXCR4 (and to a lesser extent, CXCR7/ACKR3). The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is critical for cancer metastasis, HIV-1 infection, inflammation, and tissue regeneration. SDF-1α is an important therapeutic target, with drugs such as plerixafor used to mobilize stem cells for transplantation and being actively studied in anti-cancer and anti-fibrosis treatments. Excess signaling or expression can have pathological consequences, contributing to metastatic disease, inflammation, and potentially neural toxicity[1][2].

Other names

C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)SDF-1SDF-1αStromal derived factor 1Pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor

Blockade of CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling (inhibits stem cell retention in bone marrow). Inhibition of CXCR4-mediated recruitment of tumor-supporting immune cells. Inhibition of coreceptor function for HIV entry. Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the blood.