Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1)

Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1), previously called G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91), is a cell surface G protein-coupled receptor primarily activated by succinate, an intermediate of the citric acid (TCA) cycle. SUCNR1 couples to Gq and/or Gi proteins, with downstream effects varying by cell and tissue type. The receptor acts as a metabolic sensor linking local succinate accumulation (under metabolic stress, hypoxia, or inflammation) to signaling pathways controlling vascular remodeling, immune cell activation, energy homeostasis, and blood pressure regulation. SUCNR1 is implicated in several pathologies, such as hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, and promotes angiogenesis in the retina. There are currently no approved drugs, but several preclinical antagonists and agonists are under investigation, aiming to modulate SUCNR1's function for therapeutic purposes[1][2][3][5][9].

Other names

G protein-coupled receptor 91GPR91

Antagonists inhibit succinate-induced GPCR signaling, potentially attenuating inflammatory or angiogenic responses Agonists stimulate signal transduction via Gq/Gi pathways, influencing downstream effects including calcium mobilization and cytokine production