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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Superantigen Exotoxins (SAG)
- Target
- SAG
- Molecular classification
- Protein exotoxin
01
Overview
Superantigen exotoxins are potent, secreted protein toxins primarily produced by certain bacteria (*Staphylococcus aureus* and *Streptococcus pyogenes*). They activate a large fraction of T cells, leading to excessive cytokine release and clinical syndromes like toxic shock syndrome.
- Other names
- Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs)Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST‑1)Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxinsSpeASpeCSMEZ
02
Mechanism of action
Non-specific crosslinking of MHC II on APCs with TCR Vβ chains leading to massive cytokine release.
03
Biological functions
Immune activationCytokine releaseT cell activation
04
Disease associations
Toxic shock syndromeStreptococcal toxic shock-like syndromeMulti-organ failureSepsisInflammation
05
Safety considerations
Excessive cytokine release (cytokine storm)FeverHypotensionRashMulti-organ dysfunctionTherapeutic timing requirementsToxin diversity
06
Interacting drugs
Receptor-blocking peptides
3 more in the full profile.
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