Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoscale particles, typically composed of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃), that exhibit superparamagnetism. They are used for targeted drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, and as contrast agents in MRI. Their ability to alter local tissue magnetic fields underlies these applications, enabling precise manipulation of tissues for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Careful design regarding size, coating material, dose optimization, and surface chemistry is essential for safe application.

Other names

Iron Oxide NanoparticlesMagnetite NanoparticlesMaghemite Nanoparticles

SPIONs are not directly targeted by drugs but act as carriers or agents that can be manipulated by external magnetic fields or alternating magnetic fields for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. The mechanism involves targeted delivery via magnetic guidance, heat generation via magnetic hyperthermia, or contrast enhancement in MRI.