Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 isoform A (SV2A)

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 isoforms A, B, and C (SV2A, SV2B, SV2C) are 12-transmembrane domain proteins primarily localized on synaptic vesicles in neurons and some endocrine cells[1][5][6]. They are essential regulators of neurotransmitter and hormone release, functioning at multiple steps in the vesicle lifecycle including stabilizing transmitter content, modulating calcium sensitivity for exocytosis, and facilitating vesicle priming and trafficking[1][3][5]. SV2A is the primary brain isoform and direct target of antiepileptics levetiracetam and brivaracetam, and it also serves as a neuronal receptor for botulinum neurotoxins[1][5][7]. SV2 proteins are implicated in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including epilepsy, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer’s diseases, and are also studied in the context of certain cancers such as breast cancer[6]. Their diverse interactions and physiological functions make them appealing but complex therapeutic targets; manipulating their function can influence synaptic transmission globally, posing both therapeutic opportunities and risks[1][2][5].

Other names

SV2BSV2CSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2BSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2CSV2 family

- Levetiracetam/Brivaracetam: Bind SV2A, modulate synaptic vesicle exocytosis, reducing excessive neuronal firing - Botulinum neurotoxins: Bind SV2 isoforms to enter synaptic vesicles and block acetylcholine release