Synaptogyrin-2 (SYNGR2)

Synaptogyrin-2 (SYNGR2) is an integral membrane protein containing four transmembrane domains and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail subject to tyrosine phosphorylation. It belongs to the tetraspan vesicle membrane protein family and is found both in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. SYNGR2 participates in the regulation of membrane traffic, vesicle formation, and exocytosis, and may specifically modulate the biogenesis and clustering of microvesicles such as synaptic vesicles in neurons. Functionally, it can interact with synaptic vesicle lipids (notably phosphatidylserine) to remodel vesicle membranes. SYNGR2 is implicated in various disease processes, including cancer (where it serves as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma), and infectious diseases (by modulating viral replication and host susceptibility, particularly highlighted by genetic studies in swine). However, the full spectrum of its physiological functions and potential as a direct therapeutic target remain incompletely defined.

Other names

Synaptogyrin 2SYNGR2CellugyrincellugyrinUNQ352/PRO615synaptogyrin-2SNG2

For experimental viral targets (e.g. porcine circovirus): SYNGR2 genetic variants (e.g. p.Arg63Cys) affect susceptibility and viral replication by modulating host membrane processes. Mechanistic modulation of vesicle trafficking may underlie transport or exocytosis-related drug effects, but direct drug mechanisms have not been demonstrated.