Synaptotagmin 4 (SYT4)

Synaptotagmin 4 is a vesicle-associated membrane protein and a non-classical calcium sensor predominantly expressed in the nervous system, including neurons and astrocytes. It contains two C2 domains: the C2A domain has a loss-of-function mutation that diminishes calcium-binding capacity, while the C2B domain retains calcium-dependent properties, enabling it to participate in homo- and hetero-oligomerization with other synaptotagmins. SYT4 modulates membrane fusion, regulates exocytosis, and is upregulated in response to neuronal activity (such as seizures). It acts through interaction with SNARE proteins and is required for proper synaptic growth, plasticity, and regulated neurotransmitter (especially glutamate) release from astrocytes. Dysregulation of SYT4 may contribute to neurological diseases and is studied in relation to brain development, activity-dependent synaptic adaptations, and neuroendocrine signaling[1][2][4][5][7].

Other names

Syt4SYT4Synaptotagmin-IV

For therapy, not well defined. Research suggests possible negative modulation of vesicle exocytosis and calcium-dependent neurotransmitter/peptide release, but no drug-based mechanisms currently described[1][4][5][7].