Syntaxin-11 (STX11)

Syntaxin-11 (STX11) is an atypical member of the Qa-SNARE protein family that is primarily expressed in cells of the immune system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes[1][2][3][4][5]. Unlike classical syntaxins, it lacks a true transmembrane domain but is membrane-associated through palmitoylation. STX11 is central to immune-regulated vesicle fusion events, including degranulation, transport of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to the plasma membrane in activated macrophages, and the regulated exocytosis of cytolytic granules at the immune synapse in NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes[1][2][3]. Mutations in the STX11 gene cause Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis type 4 (FHL4), a severe immunodeficiency disorder manifesting as defective cytotoxic granule release. STX11 also acts as a host antiviral and antibacterial restriction factor in some contexts (e.g., inhibiting replication of Coxiella burnetii)[5]. As of now, STX11 is not known to be directly targeted by therapeutic drugs.

Other names

Syntaxin-11STX11FHL4HLH4HPLH4syntaxin-11

Not established for direct drug targeting; functions via regulation of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion in immune cells