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Systemic calcium ion pool
- Molecular classification
- Other
01
Overview
The "systemic calcium ion pool" refers collectively to all calcium ions distributed throughout an organism’s body, including those in blood plasma, interstitial fluids, and within cells. Calcium ions are tightly regulated due to their crucial roles in bone structure, neurotransmission, muscle contraction, blood coagulation, and cell signaling pathways. Nearly all calcium in the body is stored in bone (>99%), with a small fraction circulating or stored in tissue compartments. Circulating calcium exists in free (ionized), protein-bound, and complexed forms, and homeostasis involves hormonal regulation by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and calcitonin. Although dysregulation of systemic calcium has wide medical relevance, it is not correct to treat "systemic calcium ion pool" as a discrete molecular drug target such as a receptor or enzyme.
- Other names
- Systemic calciumExtracellular calcium poolCalcium ion pool
02
Mechanism of action
Modulation of calcium absorption, excretion, or cellular influx/efflux; Regulation by hormones (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D)
03
Biological functions
Bone mineralizationSignal transductionNeurotransmitter releaseMuscle contractionEnzyme cofactor activitiesMaintenance of membrane potential
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular disease (e.g. arrhythmias in hypercalcemia)Neurodegenerative disease (excitotoxicity, hypocalcemic tetany)Bone disorders (osteoporosis, calcification)Other
05
Safety considerations
Hypercalcemia and related cardiac arrhythmias, neuromuscular symptomsHypocalcemia and tetany, muscle spasmsConfusion, weakness, bone problems
06
Interacting drugs
Calcium supplements
5 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Serum total calciumSerum ionized calciumParathyroid hormone levelVitamin D level
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