Systemic iron-binding proteins and pathways (Iron Homeostasis)

Systemic iron-binding proteins and pathways encompass the complex network of proteins responsible for the absorption, transport, storage, and regulation of iron throughout the body. Key components include transferrin, which transports iron in the plasma; ferritin, which provides safe intracellular storage; and ferroportin, the sole known cellular iron exporter. The system is primarily regulated by the liver-derived hormone hepcidin, which binds to ferroportin to induce its degradation, thereby controlling iron entry into the circulation from dietary sources and macrophage recycled stores. Proper functioning of this pathway is essential for erythropoiesis and cellular metabolism, while dysregulation leads to disorders such as iron deficiency anemia or iron overload (hemochromatosis). Therapeutic interventions include iron chelators for overload, iron supplements for deficiency, and emerging hepcidin-targeted therapies for inflammatory anemias.

Other names

Iron metabolism pathwaySystemic iron homeostasisIron regulatory networkIron transport and storage system

Drugs targeting this system act by chelating excess iron, supplementing iron stores, mimicking or inhibiting the regulatory hormone hepcidin, or blocking the iron exporter ferroportin to modulate systemic iron levels.