Systemic magnesium ion homeostasis (Mg2+ homeostasis)

Systemic magnesium ion homeostasis is the physiological process by which the body maintains magnesium concentrations within a narrow range, primarily through the coordinated actions of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and bone (StatPearls, 2023). Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation and is essential for over 300 enzymatic reactions, including ATP-dependent processes, nucleic acid synthesis, and neuromuscular signaling (NIH, 2022). The regulation of magnesium involves active transcellular transport via channels like TRPM6 and TRPM7, as well as passive paracellular transport in the renal tubules (PubMed, 2015). Clinical disorders of magnesium balance, such as hypomagnesemia, are frequently associated with chronic use of proton pump inhibitors, diuretics, and certain chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin (PubMed, 2019). Conversely, hypermagnesemia is often a consequence of impaired renal function or excessive intake of magnesium-containing medications. Maintaining magnesium homeostasis is critical for preventing cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and neurological disorders.

Other names

Magnesium balanceMagnesium metabolismRenal magnesium handlingIntestinal magnesium absorption

Magnesium homeostasis is modulated through oral or intravenous supplementation to correct deficiencies, while various drugs disrupt this balance by inhibiting renal reabsorption (diuretics), interfering with intestinal absorption (proton pump inhibitors), or causing direct renal tubular toxicity (cisplatin and aminoglycosides).