T cell activation pathway

The T cell activation pathway is a critical signaling cascade in the adaptive immune response, enabling T cells to recognize antigens and mount an effective immune reaction. Activation begins when the T cell receptor (TCR) on a naïve T cell recognizes a specific antigen presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This recognition event triggers intracellular signaling that leads to changes in gene expression, proliferation, differentiation into effector or memory cells, and cytokine production. Disruptions can lead to immunodeficiency or autoimmunity; targeted manipulation underpins many immunotherapies including CAR-T cell therapy.

Modulation of co-stimulation/inhibition, kinase inhibition