T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizing rotavirus-derived peptides presented on MHC molecules (RV-specific TCR)

T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing rotavirus-derived peptides are specialized protein complexes on the surface of T lymphocytes that play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response against rotavirus infections (Angel et al., 2007). These receptors identify specific viral protein fragments, such as those from the VP6 inner capsid or NSP4 enterotoxin, which are presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules on infected cells (Nielsen et al., 2015). This recognition event triggers T-cell activation, leading to the secretion of antiviral cytokines like interferon-gamma and the direct lysis of infected enterocytes by cytotoxic T cells (Lappalainen et al., 2015). In clinical practice, the activity of these TCRs is primarily modulated through live-attenuated vaccines, which aim to establish a memory T-cell population capable of rapid response upon re-exposure (UniProt Consortium, 2023). Furthermore, the characterization of these specific TCRs is vital for developing adoptive T-cell therapies for immunocompromised individuals who cannot clear the virus naturally. Understanding the structural basis of this interaction also helps in monitoring vaccine-induced immunity and identifying potential cross-reactivity with self-antigens.

Other names

Rotavirus-specific T-cell receptorRV-specific TCRT-cell receptorTCR

The TCR complex recognizes specific rotavirus peptide-MHC complexes, triggering a signaling cascade through the CD3 subunits and ZAP-70 kinase, which leads to T-cell activation, proliferation, and the release of effector molecules like perforin, granzymes, and IFN-gamma (PubMed: 17556589).