T cell receptor alpha variable 41 (TRAV41)

T cell receptor alpha variable 41 (TRAV41) encodes the variable region of the T cell receptor alpha chain, a critical component of the antigen recognition machinery in T lymphocytes[1][5]. The TCR is a heterodimer, typically consisting of an alpha and beta chain, responsible for recognizing peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells[4]. The variable region, produced by V-J gene rearrangement, generates enormous antigen recognition diversity and is crucial for adaptive immunity[1][5][6]. TRAV41 participates in the formation of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) that directly interact with antigen/MHC complexes, triggering T cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions. TCR alpha chain subunits, including TRAV41, play central roles in immunotherapies and are associated with disease pathogenesis in cancer, infections, and autoimmune disorders. Therapeutic approaches frequently exploit TCR engineering, but safety concerns such as excessive immune activation and autoimmunity are noted[4][6].

Other names

TRAV41TCRAV41S1TCRAV19S1TVA41

For therapeutic approaches (e.g., engineered T cells), mechanisms revolve around modified antigen recognition, immune activation, and targeted cytotoxicity