T-cell receptor gamma locus (TRG) (TRG)

The T-cell receptor gamma locus (TRG) is a complex genomic region located on chromosome 7 (7q14) that encodes the gamma chain of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex [1, 2]. This locus is essential for the development of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells, a distinct subset of T lymphocytes that participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses [3]. During T-cell maturation in the thymus, the TRG locus undergoes somatic V(D)J recombination to create a diverse repertoire of TCR gamma chains, which pair with delta chains to recognize non-peptide antigens in an MHC-independent manner [2, 5]. Clinically, the TRG locus is a vital biomarker for diagnosing T-cell malignancies, as clonal rearrangements can be detected via PCR to distinguish malignant proliferations from reactive ones [4]. In the field of immunotherapy, the protein products of this locus are targeted by novel agents, including bispecific T-cell engagers and adoptive cell therapies, aimed at leveraging γδ T cells for the treatment of various cancers [5].

Other names

TCRGTRG@T-cell receptor gamma gene clusterT-cell receptor gamma chain locus

Activation and recruitment of gamma-delta T-cells for targeted cytotoxicity against tumor cells.