T cell receptor recognizing Bet v 1-derived peptides in the context of MHC class II (Bet v 1-specific TCR)

The T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing Bet v 1-derived peptides in the context of MHC class II is the primary molecular trigger for birch pollen allergy, one of the most prevalent seasonal allergies in the Northern Hemisphere (Jutel et al., 2015). Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch (Betula verrucosa), contains immunodominant epitopes such as Bet v 1 (142–156) that are presented by MHC class II molecules, particularly HLA-DRB1*01:01, to CD4+ T cells (Leb et al., 2004). This recognition event initiates a Th2-biased immune response characterized by the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which drives B-cell class switching to IgE and subsequent mast cell degranulation (Akdis & Akdis, 2014). In therapeutic applications, this TCR-peptide-MHC complex is the target of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), such as the sublingual tablet Itulazax, which aims to induce immunological tolerance (Durham & Shamji, 2023). Successful treatment leads to the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and a shift toward a Th1-type response, effectively desensitizing the patient to birch pollen exposure (Shamji & Durham, 2017).

Other names

Birch pollen allergen-specific T cell receptorBet v 1-reactive TCRBet v 1-specific CD4+ T cell receptorMajor birch pollen allergen-specific TCR

Induction of immunological tolerance through T-cell anergy, deletion, or the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs), shifting the immune response from a Th2-biased profile to a Th1 or Treg-mediated profile.