T-cell receptor recognizing grass allergen-derived peptides (TCR)

The T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizing grass allergen-derived peptides is a specialized heterodimeric surface protein found on CD4+ T lymphocytes that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. This receptor specifically identifies and binds to short peptide fragments derived from grass pollen allergens, such as Phl p 1 and Phl p 5, which are presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells [PMID: 25617777]. In sensitized individuals, this recognition event triggers a signaling cascade that promotes a Th2-biased immune response, characterized by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which ultimately leads to IgE production and allergic inflammation [PMID: 23439880]. As a therapeutic target, this TCR-MHC-peptide interaction is modulated by allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which uses escalating doses of allergens or synthetic peptides to reprogram the immune system [PMID: 28213130]. The goal of such interventions is to induce peripheral T-cell tolerance, characterized by T-cell anergy or the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that produce suppressive cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-beta [PMID: 30102904]. Consequently, targeting these specific TCRs allows for disease-modifying treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma, rather than just symptomatic relief.

Other names

Allergen-specific T-cell receptorGrass pollen-specific TCRMHC-II/peptide-TCR complexAntigen-specific T-cell receptor

Induction of immunological tolerance through the modulation of T-cell signaling, leading to T-cell anergy, clonal deletion, or the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that secrete suppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta [PMID: 28213130, PMID: 30102904].