T helper 22 cell (Th22)

T helper 22 (Th22) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes primarily defined by their production of the cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) and their lack of interleukin-17 (IL-17) or interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production (Eyerich et al., 2009, PMID: 19748550). These cells are characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and specific chemokine receptors, including CCR6, CCR4, and CCR10, which facilitate their migration to epithelial tissues, particularly the skin (Trifari et al., 2009, PMID: 19767757). In physiological conditions, Th22 cells play a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity, promoting wound healing, and providing defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, their overactivation is a key driver in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis (Guttman-Yassky et al., 2018, PMID: 29329905). In the skin, Th22-derived IL-22 induces keratinocyte proliferation and inhibits their differentiation, leading to the characteristic epidermal thickening seen in inflammatory dermatoses. Therapeutic interventions targeting the Th22 pathway include monoclonal antibodies against IL-22, such as fezakinumab, and small molecule modulators of AhR, such as tapinarof (FDA, 2022). Additionally, drugs targeting the IL-23 pathway indirectly affect Th22 cell maintenance and function.

Other names

Th22 cellIL-22-producing T cellT-helper 22 cell

Neutralization of IL-22 cytokine, modulation of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity, and inhibition of IL-23-mediated Th22 maintenance.