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Target of Myb1-like protein 1 (TOM1L1)

Target
TOM1L1
Molecular classification
Adapter protein (scaffold protein), Membrane trafficking regulator (post-Golgi trafficking), VHS domain-containing protein, GAT domain-containing protein, Clathrin-binding protein
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Overview

Target of Myb1-like protein 1 (TOM1L1) is an adapter protein with VHS and GAT domains, which functions in membrane trafficking and signal transduction. TOM1L1 interacts with SH2 and SH3 domain-containing proteins and is implicated in clathrin-mediated trafficking as well as tyrosine kinase signaling regulation. It negatively regulates mitotic activity and protein phosphorylation, localizing to cytosol and endosome. TOM1L1 is frequently co-amplified with ERBB2 (Her2) in breast cancer, enhancing tumor cell invasiveness through a mechanism independent of its historical SRC association, instead facilitating trafficking of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP to invadopodia for extracellular matrix degradation. TOM1L1 amplification is linked to poor prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients and is emerging as a molecular marker for aggressive cancers and possible therapeutic interventions.

Other names
TOM1-like protein 1TOM1L1SRCASMSrc-activating and signaling molecule proteinTarget of Myb-like protein 1
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Mechanism of action

Inhibition of ERBB2-driven cell invasion by blocking ERBB2 signaling or reducing the delivery of MT1-MMP to invadopodia (as demonstrated by Lapatinib)

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Biological functions

Signal transductionNegative regulation of mitotic nuclear divisionPositive regulation of protein phosphorylationProtein trafficking, especially post-Golgi and endocytic compartment trafficRegulation of tyrosine kinase signalingRegulation of EGFR endocytosis and lysosomal degradationAssociation with invadopodia formation and cell invasion
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Disease associations

Cancer (breast cancer, especially ERBB2/Her2-positive subtypes; bone metastasis)Potential role in broader oncogenic signaling pathways-driven malignancy
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Safety considerations

Potential challenge is off-target inhibition impacting normal endocytic and trafficking processes, signaling, and mitotic regulation, but no direct toxicities are documented for TOM1L1 targeting as of now
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Interacting drugs

Lapatinib
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Biomarkers

TOM1L1 amplification and/or protein expression (as detected by IHC or other assays), particularly in HER2(ERBB2) positive breast cancers, associated with poor prognosis and increased invasiveness

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