Taste receptor type 2 member 16 (TAS2R16) (TAS2R16)

Taste receptor type 2 member 16 (TAS2R16) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that serves as a specialized chemosensor for bitter-tasting beta-glucopyranosides, including compounds like salicin and arbutin [UniProt: P59534]. While primarily localized to taste receptor cells on the tongue where it mediates the perception of bitterness, TAS2R16 is also expressed in extra-oral tissues such as the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract [PubMed: 26463104]. In these non-gustatory sites, the receptor is involved in physiological processes like airway smooth muscle relaxation and the modulation of metabolic hormone release. Genetic polymorphisms in the TAS2R16 gene, most notably the K172N variant, have been significantly associated with alcohol dependence and may influence human longevity by affecting the consumption of dietary toxins or protective phytonutrients [PubMed: 15643615]. From a therapeutic perspective, TAS2R16 is an emerging target for treating metabolic and respiratory conditions, with the drug probenecid acting as a known antagonist that can inhibit its signaling [PubMed: 21460116].

Other names

T2R16BTR1Taste receptor family B member 1G-protein coupled receptor 52

Agonist binding to TAS2R16 activates the G-protein gustducin, which subsequently stimulates phospholipase C beta-2 (PLC-beta-2), leading to the generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and the release of intracellular calcium, which triggers downstream signaling for taste or physiological responses [PubMed: 11331358].