Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1)

Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) is a Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and further oxidized forms, facilitating active DNA demethylation and epigenetic regulation in mammalian cells[1][3][5]. TET1 contains a CXXC-type zinc finger domain for binding CpG-rich DNA and is a member of the TET enzyme family (with TET2 and TET3)[3][4]. TET1 functions in diverse biological processes including the regulation of gene expression, cellular differentiation, and the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, both via its catalytic DNA demethylation activity and through recruitment of chromatin-modifying protein complexes independently of its enzymatic action[2][4]. Mutations or altered expression of TET1 are implicated in cancer (especially acute myeloid leukemia, where it was originally discovered as a fusion with MLL due to chromosomal translocation), as well as in neuropsychiatric diseases and solid tumors such as breast, colon, prostate, and liver cancer, where TET1 levels may serve as a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker[1][3]. While no approved drugs directly target TET1 itself, its expression and activity are modulated indirectly by compounds such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, and TET1 is utilized in nuclear reprogramming and advanced genomic analysis technologies[1].

Other names

Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1CXXC6KIAA1676LCXbA119F7.1CXXC-type zinc finger protein 6Leukemia-associated protein with a CXXC domainTen-eleven translocation 1 gene proteinTET oncogene 1CXXC finger 6CXXC zinc finger 6CXXC-type zinc finger protein 6, leukemia-associated protein with a CXXC domainten-eleven translocation-1

Enzyme cofactor modulation (TET1 activity is dependent on Fe2+ and α-ketoglutarate/co-substrate availability; some inhibitors target this axis for related enzymes); Epigenetic reprogramming (e.g., via histone deacetylase inhibition or nuclear reprogramming contexts)[1][2]