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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Testis expressed 11 protein (TEX11)
- Target
- TEX11
- Molecular classification
- Other (Meiosis-specific protein), Contains tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, X-linked germ cell-specific protein
01
Overview
Testis expressed 11 protein (TEX11) is an X-linked, meiosis-specific protein, predominantly expressed in male germ cells. It plays a critical role in homologous chromosome synapsis, meiotic crossover, and recombination during spermatogenesis. TEX11 contains tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, interacts with chromosome/DNA-binding protein complexes, and regulates genome-wide recombination rates. Mutations in the TEX11 gene cause meiotic arrest and infertility in males, accounting for approximately 1% of non-obstructive azoospermia cases. TEX11’s function is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, highlighting its essential role in meiotic progression; however, it is not a recognized therapeutic target or druggable protein.
- Other names
- TEX11TGC1TSGA3SPGFX2ZIP4MZIP4Spo22ZIP4Htestis expressed 11ZIP4 homolog
02
Mechanism of action
Not applicable
03
Biological functions
Chromosomal synapsis during meiosisMeiotic crossover and recombinationGenome-wide recombination rate regulationMale meiosis chromosome segregationSynaptonemal complex assemblyMay regulate chromatin packaging during spermiogenesis
04
Disease associations
Male infertility (non-obstructive azoospermia)Meiotic arrest disorderTEX11 mutations are found in ~1% of men with non-obstructive azoospermia, causing meiotic arrest and infertility
05
Safety considerations
None identified for pharmacology. Therapeutic challenges arise in the context of infertility caused by gene mutations; targeting TEX11 for therapy may have considerable risks for fertility but is hypothetical as it is not currently drugged.
06
Biomarkers
Loss-of-function or pathogenic mutations in TEX11 are used as biomarkers for genetic forms of male infertility, specifically meiotic arrestTEX11 mutations can be detected in genetic screening for azoospermia
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