Th1 cytokine

Th1 cytokines are a group of pro-inflammatory signaling proteins secreted mainly by Th1 CD4+ T helper cells. The principal Th1 cytokines include interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β/lymphotoxin), and, to a lesser extent, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-10. These cytokines orchestrate cell-mediated immunity—the immune system's defense against intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria—by activating macrophages, enhancing antigen presentation, and supporting cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. An imbalance favoring Th1 cytokines is implicated in multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and is a key area for therapeutic intervention through cytokine-targeted drugs. If you need information about a specific Th1 cytokine as an individual drug target (e.g., Interferon gamma, Tumor necrosis factor alpha), that should be specified for detailed structured target information.

Other names

Th1-type cytokinestype 1 cytokinesTh1 signature cytokines

Blockade of cytokine-receptor interaction (anti-TNF-α, anti-IFN-γ, anti-IL-2R therapy); Inhibition of signal transduction (JAK inhibition); Immunosuppression (general).