THO complex subunit 2 (THOC2)

THO complex subunit 2 (THOC2) is an integral protein within the THO subcomplex of the TREX multiprotein complex. It binds specifically to spliced mRNAs and facilitates their export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In mammalian cells, the THO complex—composed of THOC1, THOC2, THOC3, THOC5, THOC6, and THOC7—assembles into a larger structure, interacting with export factors and splicing machinery in nuclear speckles. THOC2 is central to this process, directly engaging with other THO proteins and export factors (e.g., DDX39B, NXF1), and is required for proper localization and release of export-ready mRNA. Genetic variations and reduced function of THOC2 are linked to neurodevelopmental syndromes, demonstrating its essentiality for nervous system development. Overexpression is reported in certain cancers, notably melanoma, where it supports cell proliferation and invasion. The complex also facilitates the export of some viral mRNAs, aiding in virus production. Its ubiquitous and fundamental cellular roles mean that therapeutic targeting requires nuanced approaches to avoid serious adverse effects

Other names

CXorf3Tho2THO2dJ506G2.1hTREX120AMC7MRX12MRX35XLID12

Not applicable; mechanisms would theoretically involve inhibition of mRNA export, modulation of THO complex stability, or disruption of THOC2-THOC1/THOC3/UAP56 interactions