THO complex subunit 4 (ALYREF)

THO complex subunit 4 (ALYREF) is a nuclear RNA-binding protein acting as a key mRNA export adapter. It is an integral part of the TREX complex, which couples mRNA transcription, processing, and export from the nucleus[1][4]. ALYREF directly interacts with the nuclear cap binding complex (CBC) via its RNA recognition motif (RRM), facilitating the recruitment of mRNA export machinery to the 5' cap of nascent transcripts[1][2][3]. This step is essential for proper mRNA export and RNA metabolism in eukaryotes. ALYREF also mediates interactions with the export receptor NXF1-NXT1 and is a target for viral proteins that hijack export pathways. Disruption of ALYREF or its interactions, such as by mutations, is associated with various pathologies, including cancer, where it can be upregulated and contribute to disease progression[1][2]. No small molecule drugs are known to target ALYREF as of current literature.

Other names

ALYBEFTHOC4Tho4REFAly/REF export factorTranscriptional coactivator Aly/REFbZIP-enhancing factor BEFAlly of AML-1 and LEF-1THO complex 4tho4THO complex subunit 4, ALYREF, ALY, BEF, THOC4

Not applicable for drugs (as no drugs are reported to target ALYREF directly). Viral proteins such as HSV-1 ICP27 and HVS ORF57 interact with the RRM domain of ALYREF to hijack mRNA export machinery.