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Thrombopoietin (TPO)
- Target
- TPO
- Molecular classification
- Glycoprotein hormone
01
Overview
Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a glycoprotein hormone primarily produced by the liver and, to a lesser extent, the kidney. It plays a central role in regulating platelet production (thrombopoiesis) and megakaryocyte development. TPO stimulates proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes and promotes survival, self-renewal, and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) when combined with other factors. It exerts its effects via binding to the thrombopoietin receptor known as MPL or CD110.
02
Mechanism of action
TPO binds to the MPL receptor on megakaryocytes and platelets, activating JAK2 kinase signaling and downstream pathways including PI3K/Akt to promote cell survival, proliferation, and platelet production.
03
Biological functions
Stimulates megakaryocyte proliferation/maturationRegulates platelet productionSupports HSC maintenance/expansionNeuronal apoptosis regulation
04
Disease associations
ThrombocytopeniaAplastic anemia
05
Safety considerations
Autoantibody formation against native TPO leading to severe thrombocytopenia
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