Thymopentin (TP5)

Thymopentin (TP5) is a synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to residues 32-36 of the thymic hormone thymopoietin. It exhibits potent immunomodulatory activity by promoting the differentiation, maturation, and activation of thymocytes, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, primarily through binding to T-cell–specific receptors and TLR2. TP5 has therapeutic roles in restoring immune function in immunocompromised states, serving as an adjuvant in cancer chemo-immunotherapy, and modulating stemness-related cancer signaling pathways. It has also been investigated in autoimmune diseases, infections, and for protective effects in preclinical models of premature ovarian failure. TP5 is not a cellular receptor or enzyme but acts by interacting with and modulating multiple immune system components and signaling cascades

Other names

TP-5RKDVYTimunoxArg-Lys-Asp-Val-TyrSintomodulinaN-[N-[N-[NL-arginyl-L-lysyl]-L-α-aspartyl]-L-valinyl]-L-tyrosine

Immunomodulation (enhances T-cell and dendritic cell maturation/function); Binds T-cell specific receptors, activates intracellular cascades; Binds TLR2 receptor, activates MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway; Modulates stem cell–related signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin); Promotes apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (with DOX)